Early Water Supply Solutions in The City Of Rome
Early Water Supply Solutions in The City Of Rome Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct founded in Rome, began providing the people living in the hills with water in 273 BC, even though they had counted on natural springs up until then. Over this period, there were only 2 other systems capable of providing water to higher areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which accumulated rainwater. To deliver water to Pincian Hill in the early sixteenth century, they applied the brand-new process of redirecting the flow from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground channel.
During its initial building and construction, pozzi (or manholes) were located at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. During the some nine years he owned the property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi employed these manholes to take water from the network in buckets, though they were initially designed for the intent of cleaning and servicing the aqueduct. The cistern he had built to gather rainwater wasn’t adequate to meet his water demands. That is when he decided to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran beneath his property.
Where did Landscape Fountains Come From?
Where did Landscape Fountains Come From?
A fountain, an incredible piece of engineering, not only supplies drinking water as it pours into a basin, it can also propel water high into the air for a noteworthy effect. Originally, fountains only served a functional purpose. Inhabitants of urban areas, townships and small towns utilized them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash up, which meant that fountains needed to be connected to nearby aqueduct or spring. Up to the late 19th century, water fountains had to be near an aqueduct or reservoir and more elevated than the fountain so that gravity could make the water move down or shoot high into the air. Fountains were not only used as a water source for drinking water, but also to adorn homes and celebrate the artist who created it. The main components used by the Romans to build their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly depicting animals or heroes. To replicate the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages added fountains to their designs. Fountains enjoyed a considerable role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exert his power over nature. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries created baroque decorative fountains to exalt the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the spot where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Urban fountains built at the end of the nineteenth served only as decorative and celebratory ornaments since indoor plumbing provided the necessary drinking water. Impressive water effects and recycled water were made possible by switching the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Nowadays, fountains adorn public spaces and are used to honor individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.
Anglo Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was significantly changed by the introduction of the Normans in the later eleventh century. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation.
However the Normans had to pacify the entire territory before they could concentrate on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Because of this, castles were cruder constructions than monasteries: Monasteries were frequently significant stone buildings set in the biggest and most fertile valleys, while castles were built on windy crests where their residents devoted time and space to projects for offense and defense. The barren fortresses did not provide for the peaceful avocation of horticulture. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is represented in Berkeley Castle, which is most likely the most untouched example we have. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time period. As a method of deterring assailants from tunneling beneath the walls, an immense terrace surrounds the building. On one of these parapets is a picturesque bowling green covered in grass and surrounded by an aged hedge of yew that has been shaped into coarse battlements.