Aqueducts: The Answer to Rome's Water Problems

Aqueducts: The Answer to Rome's Water Problems Rome’s very first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, inhabitants living at higher elevations had to depend on local springs for their water. Over this period, there were only two other systems capable of providing water to higher areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which accumulated rainwater. In the early 16th century, the city began to use the water that ran below ground through Acqua Vergine to supply water to Pincian Hill. Throughout the time of its original construction, pozzi (or manholes) were installed at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it easier to thoroughly clean the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to remove water from the aqueduct, as we witnessed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he operated the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. He didn’t get a sufficient quantity of water from the cistern that he had constructed on his residential property to obtain rainwater. Thankfully, the aqueduct sat below his property, and he had a shaft established to give him accessibility.

Bernini: The Genius Behind Italy's Greatest Fountains

Bernini: The Genius Behind Italy's Greatest Fountains The Barcaccia, a beautiful water fountain built at the base of the Trinita dei Monti in Piaza di Spagna, was Bernini's earliest fountain.Bernini: Genius Behind Italy's Greatest Fountains 534966006976070123.jpg Roman residents and site seers who appreciate verbal exchanges as well as being the company of others still flood this spot. One of the city’s most stylish meeting spots are the streets surrounding Bernini's fountain, which would undoubtedly have brought a smile to the great Bernini. In around 1630, Pope Urbano VIII helped Bernini start off his professional life with the construction of his first water fountain. People can now see the fountain as a depiction of a great ship slowly sinking into the Mediterranean. The great 16th century flood of the Tevere, which left the entire region inundated with water, was memorialized by the fountain according to documents from the time. Absenting himself from Italy only once in his life for a long-lasting time period, in 1665 Bernini traveled to France.

Anglo Saxon Grounds During the Norman Conquest

Anglo Saxon Grounds During the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was considerably changed by the introduction of the Normans in the later eleventh century. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to consider domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society.Anglo Saxon Grounds Norman Conquest 7001638532002.jpg Because of this, castles were cruder constructions than monasteries: Monasteries were frequently significant stone buildings located in the biggest and most fecund valleys, while castles were erected on windy crests where their inhabitants devoted time and space to projects for offense and defense. The calm practice of gardening was impractical in these dismal bastions. The best example of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture existent in modern times is Berkeley Castle. The keep is said to date from the time of William the Conqueror. As a strategy of deterring attackers from tunneling underneath the walls, an immense terrace encircles the building. On one of these parapets is a picturesque bowling green covered in grass and surrounded by an aged hedge of yew that has been designed into coarse battlements.
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