Bernini's First Showpieces

Aqueducts: The Solution to Rome's Water Problems
Aqueducts: The Solution to Rome's Water Problems Previous to 273, when the 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in Rome, inhabitants who resided on hillsides had to journey even further down to collect their water from natural sources. When aqueducts or springs weren’t available, people living at raised elevations turned to water taken from underground or rainwater, which was made available by wells and cisterns. To supply water to Pincian Hill in the early 16th century, they utilized the brand-new tactic of redirecting the flow from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground channel.
Where did Large Garden Fountains Begin?

From the onset, outdoor fountains were simply meant to serve as functional elements. Cities, towns and villages made use of nearby aqueducts or springs to supply them with drinking water as well as water where they could bathe or wash. Up to the late 19th century, water fountains had to be near an aqueduct or reservoir and more elevated than the fountain so that gravity could make the water move downwards or jet high into the air. Fountains were not only utilized as a water source for drinking water, but also to adorn homes and celebrate the designer who created it. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often times used by Romans to beautify their fountains. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden designers included fountains in their designs to mimic the gardens of paradise. To demonstrate his prominence over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. Seventeen and 18 century Popes sought to extol their positions by adding decorative baroque-style fountains at the point where restored Roman aqueducts arrived into the city.
The end of the nineteenth century saw the rise in usage of indoor plumbing to provide drinking water, so urban fountains were relegated to strictly decorative elements. Impressive water effects and recycled water were made possible by replacing the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Contemporary fountains are used to embellish community spaces, honor individuals or events, and enrich recreational and entertainment events.