The Influence of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping
The Influence of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping The Anglo-Saxon way of life was significantly changed by the appearance of the Normans in the later eleventh century. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But the Normans had to pacify the entire territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Because of this, castles were cruder buildings than monasteries: Monasteries were frequently immense stone buildings located in the biggest and most fecund valleys, while castles were erected on windy crests where their citizens devoted time and space to tasks for offense and defense. The sterile fortresses did not provide for the quiet avocation of horticulture. Berkeley Castle is most likely the most unchanged model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman form of architecture. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time period. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an impediment to attackers wanting to dig under the castle walls. A picturesque bowling green, enveloped in grass and enclosed by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, forms one of the terraces.The Multiple Styles of Wall Water Fountains
The Multiple Styles of Wall Water Fountains A small patio or a courtyard is a great place to put your wall fountain when you seek out peace and quiet.
Even a small space can include a customized one. Whether it is stand alone or fitted, you will need a spout, a water basin, internal piping, and a pump. Traditional, contemporary, classic, and Asian are just some of the styles from which you can choose. Freestanding wall fountains, commonly known as floor fountains, are noticeably big and feature a basin on the ground.
A stand-alone water feature can either be incorporated onto a wall already in existence or fitted into a wall under construction. This type of fountain adds to a cohesive look making it appear as if it was part of the landscape rather than an added feature.
The Circulation of Water Fountain Industrial Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Water Fountain Industrial Knowledge in Europe
Dissiminating practical hydraulic knowledge and fountain design ideas all through Europe was accomplished with the published papers and illustrated publications of the time. An un-named French fountain developer was an internationally renowned hydraulic leader in the late 1500's. By creating landscapes and grottoes with built-in and clever water features, he started off his career in Italy by earning Royal commissions in Brussels, London and Germany. “The Principles of Moving Forces”, a guide which turned into the essential book on hydraulic technology and engineering, was composed by him towards the end of his lifetime in France. Explaining the latest hydraulic systems, the publication furthermore modernized key hydraulic discoveries of classical antiquity. Archimedes, the creator of the water screw, had his work featured and these integrated a mechanical means to move water. Natural light heated the liquid in two hidden vessels adjoining to the decorative fountain were displayed in an illustration. The end result: the water feature is activated by the hot liquid expanding and rising up the pipelines. Garden ponds as well as pumps, water wheels, and water feature creations are talked about in the book.