Original Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome
Original Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome
Prior to 273, when the very first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in Roma, citizens who lived on hills had to journey further down to gather their water from natural sources. Throughout this time period, there were only two other techniques capable of providing water to elevated areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which gathered rainwater. In the early 16th century, the city began to use the water that flowed underground through Acqua Vergine to deliver drinking water to Pincian Hill. All through the length of the aqueduct’s route were pozzi, or manholes, that gave entry. The manholes made it less demanding to maintain the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to pull water from the aqueduct, as we saw with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he owned the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. Despite the fact that the cardinal also had a cistern to amass rainwater, it didn’t supply a sufficient amount of water. To give himself with a much more streamlined system to gather water, he had one of the manholes exposed, offering him access to the aqueduct below his residence.
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Large Statuary
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Large Statuary Archaic Greeks were well known for providing the first freestanding statuary; up until then, most carvings were formed out of walls and pillars as reliefs. Kouros figures, sculptures of young, good-looking male or female (kore) Greeks, made up the majority of the statues. The kouroi were seen by the Greeks to embody beauty and were sculpted with one foot leading and an uncompromising rigidity to their forward-facing poses; the male statues were always strapping, brawny, and nude. In about 650 BC, the variations of the kouroi became life-sized. The Archaic period was tumultuous for the Greeks as they evolved into more polished forms of federal government and art, and obtained more data about the peoples and societies outside of Greece. But in spite of the disputes, the Greek civilization went on to progress, unabated.
Contemporary Garden Decoration: Fountains and their Roots
Contemporary Garden Decoration: Fountains and their Roots A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to supply drinkable water, as well as for decorative purposes. The central purpose of a fountain was originally strictly functional. Inhabitants of urban areas, townships and small towns used them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash up, which meant that fountains needed to be connected to nearby aqueduct or spring. Up until the nineteenth, fountains had to be higher and closer to a water source, including aqueducts and reservoirs, in order to benefit from gravity which fed the fountains. Fountains were an optimal source of water, and also served to adorn living areas and memorialize the artist. Roman fountains usually depicted images of animals or heroes made of metal or stone masks. To illustrate the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages added fountains to their designs. Fountains played a significant role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exercise his power over nature. The Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries were glorified with baroque style fountains built to mark the arrival points of Roman aqueducts.
The end of the nineteenth century saw the increase in usage of indoor plumbing to provide drinking water, so urban fountains were relegated to strictly decorative elements. Fountains using mechanical pumps instead of gravity allowed fountains to provide recycled water into living spaces as well as create special water effects.
Nowadays, fountains decorate public spaces and are used to honor individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.