The Effect of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Landscaping

The Effect of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Landscaping The introduction of the Normans in the latter half of the eleventh century greatly altered The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. The Normans were better than the Anglo-Saxons at architecture and horticulture when they came into power. But yet there was no time for home life, domestic design, and decoration until the Normans had conquered the whole region. Monasteries and castles served different purposes, so while monasteries were massive stone structures assembled in only the most productive, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the residents focused on understanding offensive and defensive strategies. Tranquil pastimes such as gardening were out of place in these destitute citadels. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is portrayed in Berkeley Castle, which is perhaps the most unscathed illustration we have. The keep is reported to have been conceived during the time of William the Conqueror. A monumental terrace serves as a hindrance to intruders who would try to mine the walls of the building. On one of these parapets is a picturesque bowling green covered in grass and enclosed by an aged hedge of yew that has been shaped into coarse battlements.

The Main Characteristics of Ancient Greek Statuary

The Main Characteristics of Ancient Greek Statuary Archaic Greeks were known for developing the first freestanding statuary; up until then, most carvings were made out of walls and pillars as reliefs. Main Characteristics Ancient Greek Statuary 26499110.jpg

Main Characteristics Ancient Greek Statuary 26499110.jpg

For the most part the statues, or kouros figures, were of young and nice-looking male or female (kore) Greeks. Symbolizing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were crafted to look rigid and commonly had foot in front; the males were healthy, sturdy, and nude. In about 650 BC, the varieties of the kouroi became life-sized. During the Archaic period, a big time of changes, the Greeks were developing new types of government, expressions of art, and a better awareness of people and cultures outside Greece. Throughout this time and other durations of historical tumult, encounters often occurred, including wars fought between city-states such as the Arcadian wars and the Spartan invasion of Samos.

Water Transport Solutions in Early Rome

Water Transport Solutions in Early Rome Water Transport Solutions Early Rome 295651967925.jpg

With the construction of the first elevated aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, people who lived on the city’s hillsides no longer had to be dependent strictly on naturally-occurring spring water for their demands. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the lone techniques readily available at the time to supply water to segments of greater elevation. Starting in the sixteenth century, a newer method was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean portions to deliver water to Pincian Hill. Pozzi, or manholes, were built at standard stretches along the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it easier to clean the channel, but it was also achievable to use buckets to remove water from the aqueduct, as we viewed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he operated the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he died. It seems that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t enough to fulfill his needs. To provide himself with a much more efficient system to assemble water, he had one of the manholes exposed, providing him access to the aqueduct below his residence.