Early Water Delivery Solutions in The City Of Rome
Early Water Delivery Solutions in The City Of Rome Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct built in Rome, started off supplying the people living in the hills with water in 273 BC, although they had depended on natural springs up until then. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the lone techniques obtainable at the time to supply water to spots of greater elevation.
In the early 16th century, the city began to make use of the water that flowed below ground through Acqua Vergine to furnish water to Pincian Hill. The aqueduct’s channel was made available by pozzi, or manholes, that were situated along its length when it was initially built. During the roughly 9 years he owned the property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi employed these manholes to take water from the network in containers, though they were previously established for the purpose of cleaning and maintaining the aqueduct. Though the cardinal also had a cistern to amass rainwater, it couldn't provide a sufficient amount of water. That is when he decided to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran directly below his residence.
The Main Characteristics of Classic Greek Statuary
The Main Characteristics of Classic Greek Statuary The first freestanding statuary was designed by the Archaic Greeks, a notable success since until then the sole carvings in existence were reliefs cut into walls and columns. Younger, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks were the subject matter of most of the statues, or kouros figures. The kouroi, viewed by the Greeks to exemplify beauty, had one foot extended out of a strict forward-facing pose and the male statues were regularly undressed, with a strong, powerful physique.
In about 650 BC, the variations of the kouroi became life-sized. During the Archaic period, a great time of changes, the Greeks were evolving new types of government, expressions of art, and a deeper understanding of people and cultures outside Greece. But these disputes did not prevent the growth of the Greek civilization. {
Modern Garden Decoration: Fountains and their Roots
Modern Garden Decoration: Fountains and their Roots The incredible architecture of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to complement your home.Originally, fountains only served a functional purpose. People in cities, towns and villages received their drinking water, as well as water to bathe and wash, via aqueducts or springs in the vicinity. Up to the late 19th century, water fountains had to be near an aqueduct or reservoir and higher than the fountain so that gravity could make the water flow down or jet high into the air. Acting as an element of decoration and celebration, fountains also generated clean, fresh drinking water. The main components used by the Romans to build their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly illustrating animals or heroes. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden planners included fountains to create mini variations of the gardens of paradise. Fountains played a considerable role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exercise his power over nature. The Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries were extolled with baroque style fountains made to mark the arrival points of Roman aqueducts.
Since indoor plumbing became the standard of the day for fresh, drinking water, by the end of the 19th century urban fountains were no longer needed for this purpose and they became purely decorative. Amazing water effects and recycled water were made possible by switching the power of gravity with mechanical pumps.
These days, fountains decorate public areas and are used to honor individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.