Anglo Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest The arrival of the Normans in the second half of the eleventh century significantly altered The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. Nonetheless the Normans had to pacify the whole territory before they could concentrate on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Because of this, castles were cruder constructions than monasteries: Monasteries were frequently immense stone buildings set in the biggest and most fertile valleys, while castles were constructed on windy crests where their inhabitants dedicated time and space to projects for offense and defense. The bare fortresses did not provide for the quiet avocation of farming. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is depicted in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most unscathed example we have. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time period. As a strategy of deterring assailants from tunneling within the walls, an immense terrace encircles the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an aged yew hedge trimmed into the form of crude battlements.
Aqueducts: The Remedy to Rome's Water Problems
Aqueducts: The Remedy to Rome's Water Problems With the development of the first raised aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, folks who lived on the city’s hills no longer had to be dependent solely on naturally-occurring spring water for their needs. If inhabitants living at higher elevations did not have access to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to rely on the remaining existing systems of the day, cisterns that gathered rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that received the water from under ground.
To provide water to Pincian Hill in the early 16th century, they implemented the emerging process of redirecting the movement from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground channel. During the length of the aqueduct’s passage were pozzi, or manholes, that gave access. During the some nine years he owned the residence, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi made use of these manholes to take water from the network in buckets, though they were originally designed for the goal of cleaning and maintaining the aqueduct. Apparently, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t good enough to fulfill his needs. That is when he made a decision to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran beneath his residence.
Where did Landscape Fountains Come From?
Where did Landscape Fountains Come From? A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to provide drinking water, as well as for decorative purposes.From the beginning, outdoor fountains were simply there to serve as functional elements. People in cities, towns and villages received their drinking water, as well as water to bathe and wash, from aqueducts or springs nearby. Up to the late 19th century, water fountains had to be near an aqueduct or reservoir and more elevated than the fountain so that gravity could make the water flow down or jet high into the air. Fountains were not only used as a water source for drinking water, but also to decorate homes and celebrate the artist who created it.
Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often times utilized by Romans to beautify their fountains. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden designers included fountains in their designs to mimic the gardens of paradise. Fountains played a significant role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exert his power over nature. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries created baroque decorative fountains to glorify the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the location where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Since indoor plumbing became the norm of the day for clean, drinking water, by the end of the 19th century urban fountains were no longer needed for this purpose and they became purely ornamental. Fountains using mechanical pumps instead of gravity allowed fountains to bring recycled water into living spaces as well as create special water effects.
Modern-day fountains serve mostly as decoration for open spaces, to honor individuals or events, and enhance entertainment and recreational activities.