"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Large Statuary

The primitive Greeks built the very first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Youthful, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks were the subject matter of most of the sculptures, or kouros figures. Regarded as by Greeks to characterize splendour, the kouroi were formed into firm, forward facing positions with one foot outstretched, and the male statues were usually nude, well-built, and athletic. Around 650 BC, life-size variations of the kouroi began to be observed. The Archaic period was tumultuous for the Greeks as they progressed into more refined forms of federal government and art, and obtained more information about the peoples and cultures outside of Greece. The Arcadian battles, the Spartan invasion of Samos, and other wars between city-states are instances of the types of battles that arose commonly, which is consistent with other times of historical change.

Original Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome

Original Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct assembled in Rome, started supplying the many people living in the hills with water in 273 BC, even though they had counted on natural springs up till then.

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If people residing at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to be dependent on the remaining existing techniques of the day, cisterns that collected rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that drew the water from under ground. In the very early sixteenth century, the city began to make use of the water that flowed below the ground through Acqua Vergine to provide water to Pincian Hill. Throughout the time of its initial building and construction, pozzi (or manholes) were positioned at set intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. Whilst these manholes were developed to make it easier to conserve the aqueduct, it was also possible to use buckets to pull water from the channel, which was done by Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi from the time he invested in the property in 1543 to his passing in 1552. He didn’t get a sufficient quantity of water from the cistern that he had constructed on his residential property to obtain rainwater. Via an opening to the aqueduct that ran underneath his property, he was able to satisfy his water desires.

The Source of Modern Day Outdoor Water Fountains

The Source of Modern Day Outdoor Water Fountains Pope Nicholas V, himself a well educated man, ruled the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 to 1455 during which time he commissioned many translations of old classical Greek texts into Latin. It was important for him to beautify the city of Rome to make it worthy of being known as the capital of the Christian world. In 1453 the Pope instigated the rebuilding of the Aqua Vergine, an historic Roman aqueduct which had carried clean drinking water into the city from eight miles away. The ancient Roman tradition of marking the entry point of an aqueduct with an imposing celebratory fountain, also known as a mostra, was restored by Nicholas V. The architect Leon Battista Alberti was directed by the Pope to put up a wall fountain where we now see the Trevi Fountain. Modifications and extensions, included in the restored aqueduct, eventually provided the Trevi Fountain and the well-known baroque fountains in the Piazza del Popolo and Piazza Navona with the necessary water supply.