The Distribution of Garden Water Fountains Industrial Knowledge in Europe
The Distribution of Garden Water Fountains Industrial Knowledge in Europe Instrumental to the development of scientific technology were the published papers and illustrated books of the time. They were also the main method of transferring useful hydraulic facts and water fountain design suggestions throughout Europe. An internationally renowned leader in hydraulics in the late 1500's was a French water fountain designer, whose name has been lost to history. With imperial mandates in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his work in Italy, acquiring knowledge in garden design and grottoes with incorporated and ingenious water features. “The Principles of Moving Forces”, a book that became the fundamental text on hydraulic technology and engineering, was written by him toward the end of his life in France. The book updated crucial hydraulic advancements since classical antiquity as well as describing modern day hydraulic technologies.
Prominent among these works were those of Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, a mechanized method of transferring water. Natural light warmed the water in a pair of concealed vessels adjacent to the ornamental water feature were displayed in an illustration. The hot water expands and subsequently ascends and closes the water pipes consequently triggering the fountain. Pumps, water wheels, water features and garden pond concepts are included in the book.
Anglo Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest Anglo-Saxons felt great modifications to their day-to-day lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. Engineering and gardening were abilities that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But the Normans had to pacify the overall territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Because of this, castles were cruder structures than monasteries: Monasteries were usually important stone buildings located in the biggest and most fecund valleys, while castles were erected on windy crests where their residents devoted time and space to tasks for offense and defense. Peaceful pastimes such as gardening were out of place in these desolate citadels. Berkeley Castle, maybe the most unspoiled model of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists today.
The keep is thought to date from the time of William the Conqueror. As a method of deterring assailants from tunneling beneath the walls, an immense terrace encompasses the building. On one of these parapets is a scenic bowling green covered in grass and enclosed by an aged hedge of yew that has been designed into coarse battlements.