Rome’s Ingenious Water Delivery Systems
Rome’s Ingenious Water Delivery Systems Rome’s 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, inhabitants living at higher elevations had to depend on local springs for their water. If residents living at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to depend on the remaining existing solutions of the day, cisterns that compiled rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that received the water from below ground. In the very early 16th century, the city began to use the water that ran underground through Acqua Vergine to provide drinking water to Pincian Hill.
As originally constructed, the aqueduct was provided along the length of its channel with pozzi (manholes) constructed at regular intervals. During the some nine years he owned the residential property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi employed these manholes to take water from the channel in buckets, though they were originally built for the purpose of maintaining and servicing the aqueduct. The cistern he had made to gather rainwater wasn’t sufficient to meet his water specifications. That is when he made the decision to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran below his residential property.
The Positive Benefits of Adding a garden fountain in Your Living Area
The Positive Benefits of Adding a garden fountain in Your Living Area The inclusion of a wall fountain or an outdoor garden fountain is an excellent way to beautify your yard or garden design.
Modern-day artists and fountain builders alike use historical fountains and water features to shape their creations. You can also strengthen the link to the past by incorporating one of these to your home's interior design. Among the many properties of these beautiful garden fountains is the water and moisture they discharge into the air which attracts birds and other wild life as well as helps to balance the ecosystem. For example, birds attracted by a fountain or birdbath can be helpful because they fend off bothersome flying insects. Wall fountains are a good choice if your yard is small because they do not require much space as compared to a spouting or cascading fountain. Two options to pick from include either a freestanding type with an even back set against a fence or wall in your backyard, or a wall-mounted, self-contained type which is suspended on a wall. A fountain can be added to an existing wall if you include some kind of fountain mask as well as a basin to collect the water at the bottom. The plumbing and masonry work necessary for this type of work requires know-how, so it is best to employ a skilled person rather than do it yourself.
Anglo-Saxon Gardens at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo-Saxon Gardens at the Time of the Norman Conquest The arrival of the Normans in the latter half of the 11th century significantly modified The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. The Normans were much better than the Anglo-Saxons at architecture and horticulture when they came into power. But yet there was no time for home life, domestic design, and decoration until the Normans had conquered the whole region. Monasteries and castles served separate purposes, so while monasteries were large stone structures built in only the most productive, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the occupants focused on understanding offensive and defensive practices. The sterile fortresses did not provide for the calm avocation of farming. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is symbolized in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most unscathed example we have. The keep is thought to date from the time of William the Conqueror. A spacious terrace intended for walking and as a means to stop enemies from mining under the walls runs around the building. A picturesque bowling green, covered in grass and bordered by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.Aspects of Outdoor Statuary in Archaic Greece
Aspects of Outdoor Statuary in Archaic Greece Archaic Greeks were renowned for providing the first freestanding statuary; up till then, most carvings were constructed out of walls and pillars as reliefs. Most of the freestanding statues were of youthful, winsome male or female (kore) Greeks and are known as kouros figures. The kouroi, viewed by the Greeks to represent beauty, had one foot stretched out of a rigid forward-facing pose and the male statues were always nude, with a powerful, sturdy build. In 650 BC, life-sized variations of the kouroi began to be observed. During the Archaic period, a big time of changes, the Greeks were developing new types of government, expressions of art, and a larger understanding of people and cultures outside Greece. Nonetheless, the Greek civilization was not slowed down by these challenges.