Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was drastically changed by the introduction of the Normans in the later eleventh century. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. However, there was no time for home life, domestic design, and decoration until the Normans had conquered the whole region. Because of this, castles were cruder structures than monasteries: Monasteries were usually important stone buildings located in the biggest and most fecund valleys, while castles were built on windy crests where their residents dedicated time and space to projects for offense and defense. The calm method of gardening was impractical in these dreary bastions. Berkeley Castle, potentially the most pristine style of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists today. It is said that the keep was introduced during William the Conqueror's time. As a technique of deterring assailants from tunneling underneath the walls, an immense terrace encompasses the building. On one of these parapets is a picturesque bowling green covered in grass and bordered by an aged hedge of yew that has been shaped into coarse battlements.Bernini’s Early Italian Water Fountains
Bernini’s Early Italian Water Fountains The Barcaccia, a stunning fountain built at the base of the Trinita dei Monti in Piaza di Spagna, was Bernini's earliest water fountain.
To this day, you will find Roman residents and vacation goers occupying this spot to revel in chit chatter and being among other people. Today, the city streets around Bernini's water fountain are a trendy place where people go to gather, something which the artist would have been pleased to learn. Dating back to around 1630, Pope Urbano VIII commissioned what was to be the earliest water fountain of the artist's career. People can now see the fountain as a depiction of a commanding ship gradually sinking into the Mediterranean Sea. The great flooding of the Tevere that blanketed the whole region with water in the 16th was memorialized by this momentous fountain as recorded by documents dating back to this period. In 1665 Bernini journeyed to France, in what was to be his sole extended absence from Italy.
Contemporary Garden Decoration: Large Outdoor Water Fountains and their Roots
Contemporary Garden Decoration: Large Outdoor Water Fountains and their Roots The incredible construction of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to enhance your home.Pure practicality was the original role of fountains. Inhabitants of cities, townships and small towns used them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash up, which meant that fountains had to be linked to nearby aqueduct or spring. Up to the late 19th century, water fountains had to be near an aqueduct or reservoir and more elevated than the fountain so that gravity could make the water move down or shoot high into the air. Serving as an element of decoration and celebration, fountains also generated clean, fresh drinking water. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often times used by Romans to decorate their fountains. Muslims and Moorish landscaping designers of the Middle Ages included fountains to re-create smaller models of the gardens of paradise.
The fountains found in the Gardens of Versailles were supposed to show the power over nature held by King Louis XIV of France. To mark the entryway of the restored Roman aqueducts, the Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries commissioned the construction of baroque style fountains in the spot where the aqueducts entered the city of Rome
Indoor plumbing became the main source of water by the end of the 19th century thereby limiting urban fountains to mere decorative elements. The introduction of special water effects and the recycling of water were 2 things made possible by replacing gravity with mechanical pumps.
Nowadays, fountains decorate public areas and are used to recognize individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.
Ancient Crete & The Minoans: Water Features
Ancient Crete & The Minoans: Water Features
Fountains and Water and the Minoan Civilization They not solely helped with the water supplies, they removed rainwater and wastewater as well. Stone and clay were the elements of choice for these conduits. When made from clay, they were commonly in the form of canals and circular or rectangle-shaped pipes. There are a couple of illustrations of Minoan terracotta pipes, those with a shortened cone shape and a U-shape which haven’t been seen in any culture ever since. Knossos Palace had an sophisticated plumbing system made of terracotta conduits which ran up to three meters below ground. Along with dispersing water, the clay pipes of the Minoans were also utilized to amass water and accumulate it. To make this possible, the piping had to be tailored to handle: Underground Water Transportation: the undetectable method for water distribution could have been employed to provide water to particular people or activities. Quality Water Transportation: Given the indicators, several scholars propose that these water lines were not hooked up to the common water allocation system, providing the residence with water from a different source.