"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Outdoor Statuary
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Outdoor Statuary The Archaic Greeks built the first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars.
Most of these freestanding sculptures were what is known as kouros figures, statues of young, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks. Thought of by Greeks to characterize skin care, the kouroi were formed into rigid, forward facing positions with one foot outstretched, and the male statues were usually nude, well-developed, and athletic. In about 650 BC, the differences of the kouroi became life-sized. Throughout the Archaic period, a great time of changes, the Greeks were developing new sorts of government, expressions of art, and a deeper awareness of people and cultures outside Greece. Similar to other times of historical unrest, disputes were common, and there were battles between city-states like The Arcadian wars, the Spartan invasion of Samos.
Creators of the First Water Fountains
Creators of the First Water Fountains
Commonly working as architects, sculptors, designers, engineers and discerning scholars, all in one, fountain creators were multi-talented individuals from the 16th to the late 18th century. Leonardo da Vinci, a Renaissance artist, was celebrated as an ingenious master, inventor and scientific virtuoso. He systematically documented his observations in his now recognized notebooks, following his enormous curiosity in the forces of nature led him to research the attributes and motion of water. Early Italian fountain builders altered private villa settings into ingenious water showcases complete of symbolic meaning and natural elegance by combining imagination with hydraulic and gardening expertise. The humanist Pirro Ligorio, distinguished for his virtuosity in archeology, architecture and garden design, offered the vision behind the splendors in Tivoli. Masterminding the excellent water marbles, water features and water antics for the various mansions near Florence, other water fountain builders were well versed in humanistic themes as well as classical technical texts.
The Countless Styles of Outdoor Fountains
The Countless Styles of Outdoor Fountains Turn your garden into what you have always desired – an oasis of peace.
The calming feeling provided by outdoor fountains is just one of the benefits of adding a water feature in your garden. Sending a stream of water straight into the air, spouting fountains create a spectacular impression. If your pond is significantly big, it can be incorporated without difficulty. You can find these in public parks or old mansions.
Wall fountains are an perfect illustration of outdoor wall features. These sorts of fountains make great water features even if you only have a little garden. Wall fountains leave a subtle impression, contrary to the big impact created by spouting fountains. It is straightforward undertaking wherein a small jet of water propels outwards in front of a splendidly textured wall and then flows down only to be pumped up again.
Themed fountains are ideal when the design of your garden allows for them. A cherub grasping a spout is one of the possible kinds of classical-styled statues you can use if you want your fountain to suit a rustically themed cottage or garden. On the other hand, a more modern yard can include more of a bold design. Just allow your imagination to run loose.
The main attribute of a multi-tiered fountain is that water streams from a variety of different levels. Water flowing down multiple levels of this water feature is the chief characteristic of a cascading fountain.
Since outdoor fountains require a great deal of space, consider putting in a wall fountain or a pondless fountain. Fit in one of these fountains if your space is limited since their reservoirs are concealed from sight underground.
Serenity and well-being are a few of the chief sensations imparted by Japanese fountains. In this model of water feature the water passes through bamboo sticks. Water then streams into a recipient or a shaped stone, only to repeat the pattern over and over again.
Another style of fountain is made of glass. A more traditional look is provided by trellis-style fountains which feature shaped metalwork. However, this type of water feature is better suited to gardens with many sharp corners as well as modern-day forms and design. A wondrous effect is created when water streams down the sheets of glass. In some instances, the water is colored by LED lights as it flows down the glass panels. The jagged surface of rock waterfall fountain makes for an appealing façade as the water softly trickles downwards.
The attribute which differentiates a bubbling rock fountain is a large rock drilled with holes where pipes can be inserted into its middle. Low pressure is employed to push up the water which then bubbles and gurgles at the top. Flowing towards the base of the fountain, the water returns as a slow drizzle down the sides of the rock. Gardens with limited space are good spots to include this style of fountain. Water is moved at low pressure in this kind of fountain, so you can be assured knowing that it will not spray all over should the wind pick up.
Solar powered fountains have become more fashionable recently since they run on sunlight. The advantages of using this type of solar powered fountain is the lack of cables, lowered difficulty in installing them, the decrease in electricity bills, and the beneficial effects they have on our ecosystem. The wide-ranging designs in outdoor solar-powered fountains signifies you will not have to compromise on style.
Aqueducts: The Answer to Rome's Water Troubles
Aqueducts: The Answer to Rome's Water Troubles Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct founded in Rome, started supplying the individuals living in the hills with water in 273 BC, though they had depended on natural springs up until then. Throughout this time period, there were only two other technologies capable of delivering water to elevated areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which gathered rainwater. In the early sixteenth century, the city began to use the water that ran beneath the earth through Acqua Vergine to supply water to Pincian Hill. Through its initial construction, pozzi (or manholes) were situated at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel.
Though they were initially manufactured to make it possible to service the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started out using the manholes to gather water from the channel, commencing when he acquired the property in 1543. The cistern he had constructed to obtain rainwater wasn’t adequate to meet his water requirements. Thankfully, the aqueduct sat under his residence, and he had a shaft established to give him access.