The Effect of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping

The Effect of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping The arrival of the Normans in the second half of the 11th century irreparably altered The Anglo-Saxon lifestyle. The ability of the Normans exceeded the Anglo-Saxons' in design and agriculture at the time of the conquest. Nonetheless the Normans had to pacify the overall territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Monasteries and castles served separate functions, so while monasteries were massive stone structures built in only the most fruitful, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the people focused on learning offensive and defensive techniques. Gardening, a placid occupation, was unfeasible in these unproductive fortifications. Effect Norman Invasion Anglo Saxon Landscaping 05659527996588792.jpg

Effect Norman Invasion Anglo Saxon Landscaping 05659527996588792.jpg

Berkeley Castle is possibly the most complete model in existence at present of the early Anglo-Norman form of architecture. The keep is rumored to have been conceived during the time of William the Conqueror. As a technique of deterring attackers from tunneling within the walls, an immense terrace surrounds the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an aged yew hedge cut into the shape of crude battlements.

The Dissemination of Water Feature Design Knowledge

Dissemination Water Feature Design Knowledge 6075394136447771136.jpg

The Dissemination of Water Feature Design Knowledge Contributing to the development of scientific technology were the published papers and illustrated books of the day. They were also the primary method of transmitting practical hydraulic facts and water fountain design suggestions all through Europe. An internationally renowned pioneer in hydraulics in the later part of the 1500's was a French fountain engineer, whose name has been lost to history. With Royal mandates in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his career in Italy, developing experience in garden design and grottoes with incorporated and ingenious water hydraulics. He authored a book entitled “The Principles of Moving Forces” towards the end of his life while in France that turned into the basic book on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. The publication updated important hydraulic breakthroughs since classical antiquity as well as detailing contemporary hydraulic technologies. Dominant among these works were those of Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, a mechanized means of transferring water. Natural light heated the water in two undetectable containers next to the ornamental water feature were shown in an illustration. The end result: the fountain is stimulated by the heated liquid expanding and rising up the pipelines. Designs for pumps, water wheels, water attributes and outdoor ponds are also included in the publication.

The Father Of Rome's Water Fountain Design

The Father Of Rome's Water Fountain Design In Rome’s city center, there are many easily recognized fountains. One of the best ever sculptors and artists of the 17th century, Gian Lorenzo Bernini planned, conceived and constructed almost all of them. He was furthermore a urban architect, in addition to his abilities as a fountain engineer, and remnants of his life's work are evident throughout the avenues of Rome. Bernini's father, a celebrated Florentine sculptor, guided his young son, and they eventually moved in Rome, to fully exhibit their artwork in the form of public water features and water features. The young Bernini received praise from Popes and influential artists alike, and was an exceptional worker. At the beginning he was celebrated for his sculptural skills. An authority in ancient Greek engineering, he used this knowledge as a platform and melded it flawlessly with Roman marble, most remarkably in the Vatican. Although many artists had an influence on his work, Michelangelo had the most profound effect.