Early Water Delivery Solutions in Rome

Early Water Delivery Solutions Rome 201838185012229597.jpg

Previous to 273, when the 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was constructed in Rome, citizens who dwelled on hillsides had to go even further down to get their water from natural sources. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the sole technological innovations around at the time to supply water to areas of high elevation. Beginning in the sixteenth century, a unique strategy was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean segments to deliver water to Pincian Hill. All through the length of the aqueduct’s passage were pozzi, or manholes, that gave entry. While these manholes were provided to make it less difficult to sustain the aqueduct, it was also possible to use containers to extract water from the channel, which was employed by Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi from the time he acquired the property in 1543 to his death in 1552. Despite the fact that the cardinal also had a cistern to amass rainwater, it couldn't provide a sufficient amount of water. To provide himself with a much more efficient system to obtain water, he had one of the manholes exposed, giving him access to the aqueduct below his property.

The Outcome of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping

The Outcome of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping Outcome Norman Invasion Anglo Saxon Landscaping 94684729789660742284.jpg

The Anglo-Saxon way of life was dramatically changed by the arrival of the Normans in the later eleventh century. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to think about domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society. Castles were more fundamental designs and often erected on blustery hills, where their people devoted both time and space to practicing offense and defense, while monasteries were large stone buildings, commonly positioned in the widest, most fertile hollows. The bare fortresses did not provide for the calm avocation of gardening. Berkeley Castle is perhaps the most intact model in existence at present of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. The keep is rumored to have been invented during the time of William the Conqueror. A significant terrace serves as a discouraging factor to intruders who would attempt to mine the walls of the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an old yew hedge cut into the shape of crude battlements.