Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo-Saxons encountered extraordinary modifications to their daily lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. Engineering and horticulture were attributes that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But there was no time for home life, domesticated architecture, and decoration until the Normans had overcome the whole region. Monasteries and castles served separate functions, so while monasteries were massive stone structures assembled in only the most productive, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the residents focused on understanding offensive and defensive tactics. Gardening, a placid occupation, was impracticable in these fruitless fortifications. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is symbolized in Berkeley Castle, which is perhaps the most unscathed example we have. It is said that the keep was introduced during William the Conqueror's time. As a technique of deterring assailants from tunneling under the walls, an immense terrace encompasses the building. A picturesque bowling green, covered in grass and surrounded by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.
The Distribution of Water Fountain Engineering Knowledge in Europe
The Distribution of Water Fountain Engineering Knowledge in Europe The circulated papers and illustrated books of the day contributed to the evolution of scientific technology, and were the primary methods of spreading useful hydraulic concepts and water fountain ideas throughout Europe. An internationally renowned pioneer in hydraulics in the late 1500's was a French water fountain engineer, whose name has been lost to history.
His competence in developing gardens and grottoes with incorporated and brilliant water fountains began in Italy and with mandates in Brussels, London and Germany. “The Principles of Moving Forces”, a publication which became the fundamental book on hydraulic mechanics and engineering, was authored by him towards the end of his life in France. Modernizing principal hydraulic breakthroughs of classical antiquity, the publication also details modern hydraulic technologies. As a mechanized method to move water, Archimedes devised the water screw, chief among key hydraulic innovations. Sunlight warming water in a pair of vessels hidden in a room adjacent to an decorative water feature was shown in one illustration. The heated liquid expands and then ascends and closes the water lines consequently triggering the water feature. Yard ponds as well as pumps, water wheels, and water feature creations are incorporated in the book.
Keeping Your Garden Fountain Tidy
Keeping Your Garden Fountain Tidy
It is important to carefully maintain water fountains for them to work properly. It is easy for foreign objects to find their way into open-air fountains, so keeping it clean is important. Also, algae has a tendency to build up any place natural light meets water. Either sea salt, hydrogen peroxide, or vinegar can be dissolved into the water to prevent this issue. Another option is to stir bleach into the water, but this action can hurt wild animals and so should really be avoided. Experts suggest that the typical garden fountain undergoes a thorough cleaning every three-four months. Before you can start cleaning it you must drain out all of the water. When you have done this, wash inside the water reservoir with a mild detergent. Feel free to use a toothbrush if needed for any stubborn crevasses. Make sure all the soap is properly rinsed off.
Calcium and fresh water organisms could get inside the pump, so you should really disassemble it to get it truly clean. To make it less difficult, soak it in vinegar for a while before cleaning. Mineral or rain water, versus tap water, is ideal in order to avoid any build-up of chemicals inside the pump.
Finally, be sure to have a quick look at your fountain every day and add water if you notice that the level is depleted. Low water levels can ruin the pump - and you do not want that!