The Circulation of Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe
Instrumental to the development of scientific technology were the printed letters and illustrated books of the day. They were also the main method of transmitting useful hydraulic facts and water fountain design suggestions all through Europe. A globally recognized leader in hydraulics in the late 1500's was a French fountain designer, whose name has been lost to history. His know-how in designing gardens and grottoes with incorporated and brilliant water features began in Italy and with mandates in Brussels, London and Germany. “The Principles of Moving Forces”, a book that became the fundamental text on hydraulic technology and engineering, was written by him towards the end of his lifetime in France. Replacing key hydraulic advancements of classical antiquity, the book also highlights modern hydraulic technologies. The water screw, a technical way to move water, and invented by Archimedes, was featured in the book. Sunlight heating liquid in a pair of containers unseen in a room next to an decorative fountain was displayed in one illustration. The end result: the water feature is activated by the heated water expanding and rising up the piping. The book additionally mentions garden ponds, water wheels, water feature creations.
"Primitive" Greek Art: Garden Statuary
"Primitive" Greek Art: Garden Statuary The Archaic Greeks built the first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. For the most part the statues, or kouros figures, were of young and attractive male or female (kore) Greeks.
The kouroi were seen by the Greeks to represent beauty and were sculpted with one foot leading and an uncompromising rigidity to their forward-facing poses; the male statues were always strapping, brawny, and naked. The kouroi started to be life-sized beginning in 650 BC. During the Archaic time, a great time of change, the Greeks were evolving new forms of government, expressions of art, and a larger comprehension of people and cultures outside Greece. During this time and other durations of historic tumult, clashes often occurred, among them wars fought amongst city-states such as the Arcadian wars and the Spartan invasion of Samos.
Exterior Wall Fountains: The Many Designs Available
Exterior Wall Fountains: The Many Designs Available
Wall fountains are well suited to little verandas or yards because they do not take up too much space while also adding a bit of style and providing a great place to find peace and quiet. The myriad of styles in outdoor wall fountains, including traditional, classic, contemporary, or Asian, means that you can find the one best suited to your wishes. It is possible to have one custom-made if you are unable to find a prefabricated fountain to suit you. There are two specific sorts of fountains you can buy: mounted and free-standing. Little, self-contained mounted wall fountains can be installed on any surface. Wall fountains made of resin ( similar to stone) or fiberglass are normally lightweight so they can be easily hung. Stand-alone fountains, often referred to as floor fountains, are sizable, have a basin located on the ground and a smooth side which leans against a wall. Water features such as these are typically manufactured of cast stone and have no weight limitations.
Landscape professionals often propose a custom-built fountain for a brand new or existing wall. Placing the basin against the wall and installing all the plumbing work needs a professional mason to do it properly. It is also vital to add a spout or fountain mask to build it into the wall. A custom-made wall fountain blends into the landscape instead of standing out because it was a later addition, which adds to a cohesive look.