Water Delivery Strategies in Historic Rome

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Water Delivery Strategies in Historic Rome Rome’s first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, citizens residing at higher elevations had to rely on local creeks for their water. When aqueducts or springs weren’t easily accessible, people dwelling at raised elevations turned to water removed from underground or rainwater, which was made available by wells and cisterns. To provide water to Pincian Hill in the early 16th century, they applied the emerging strategy of redirecting the movement from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground network. Pozzi, or manholes, were built at standard stretches along the aqueduct’s channel. Although they were primarily developed to make it possible to support the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started out using the manholes to get water from the channel, starting when he obtained the property in 1543. He didn’t get enough water from the cistern that he had constructed on his property to gather rainwater. To give himself with a much more useful means to gather water, he had one of the manholes opened up, offering him access to the aqueduct below his residence.

The Outcome of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Gardens

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The Outcome of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Gardens The introduction of the Normans in the second half of the eleventh century considerably modified The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. Engineering and gardening were attributes that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. However, there was no time for home life, domesticated design, and adornment until the Normans had overcome the whole region. Most often built upon windy peaks, castles were basic structures that enabled their inhabitants to devote time and space to offensive and defensive strategies, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings generally placed in only the most fecund, broad valleys. The barren fortresses did not provide for the calm avocation of horticulture. Berkeley Castle, maybe the most pristine model of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists in the present day. It is said that the keep was created during William the Conqueror's time. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an obstacle to assailants attempting to excavate under the castle walls. A picturesque bowling green, enveloped in grass and enclosed by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.