Aqueducts: The Answer to Rome's Water Challenges
Aqueducts: The Answer to Rome's Water Challenges Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct built in Rome, started delivering the many people living in the hills with water in 273 BC, even though they had counted on natural springs up till then. When aqueducts or springs weren’t accessible, people living at greater elevations turned to water taken from underground or rainwater, which was made available by wells and cisterns. Beginning in the sixteenth century, a newer strategy was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean segments to provide water to Pincian Hill. Pozzi, or manholes, were engineered at regular intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it less demanding to maintain the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to pull water from the aqueduct, as we discovered with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he owned the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. The cistern he had built to collect rainwater wasn’t adequate to meet his water requirements. To give himself with a more streamlined system to assemble water, he had one of the manholes exposed, offering him access to the aqueduct below his residence.
Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest The arrival of the Normans in the latter half of the 11th century substantially modified The Anglo-Saxon ways of living.
The talent of the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons' in design and agriculture at the time of the conquest. But before focusing on home-life or having the occasion to contemplate domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society. Monasteries and castles served different functions, so while monasteries were large stone structures constructed in only the most fruitful, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the people focused on understanding offensive and defensive techniques. Peaceful activities such as gardening were out of place in these destitute citadels. Berkeley Castle is probably the most complete model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. The keep is reported to have been developed during the time of William the Conqueror. A spacious terrace meant for walking and as a means to stop attackers from mining under the walls runs around the building. On one of these terraces lies a charming bowling green: it is coated in grass and flanked by an old yew hedge that is formed into the shape of rough ramparts.
The Genesis Of Wall Fountains
The Genesis Of Wall Fountains The incredible architecture of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to complement your home.
Pure practicality was the original purpose of fountains. Water fountains were linked to a spring or aqueduct to supply potable water as well as bathing water for cities, townships and villages. Until the late nineteenth, century most water fountains functioned using gravity to allow water to flow or jet into the air, therefore, they needed a supply of water such as a reservoir or aqueduct located higher than the fountain. Designers thought of fountains as amazing additions to a living space, however, the fountains also served to provide clean water and celebrate the artist responsible for creating it. The main materials used by the Romans to create their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly depicting animals or heroes. Throughout the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden planners included fountains to create mini depictions of the gardens of paradise. Fountains enjoyed a significant role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exercise his power over nature. To mark the entrance of the restored Roman aqueducts, the Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries commissioned the building of baroque style fountains in the spot where the aqueducts arrived in the city of Rome
The end of the 19th century saw the rise in usage of indoor plumbing to supply drinking water, so urban fountains were relegated to strictly decorative elements. The introduction of special water effects and the recycling of water were 2 things made possible by swapping gravity with mechanical pumps.
Modern fountains are used to embellish public spaces, honor individuals or events, and enhance recreational and entertainment events.
Your Garden: A Great Spot for a Garden Fountain
Your Garden: A Great Spot for a Garden Fountain You can improve your exterior area by including a wall fountain or an outdoor garden water feature to your yard or gardening project. Historical fountains and water features have sparked the interest of modern-day designers as well as fountain designers. Therefore, in order to connect your home to previous times, include one these in your home decor. In addition to the wonderful characteristics of garden fountains, they also generate water and moisture which goes into the air, thereby, attracting birds as well as other creatures and harmonizing the environment. Birds drawn to a fountain or bird bath often frighten off irritating flying invaders, for instance.Putting in a wall fountain is your best solution for a little backyard because a spouting or cascading fountain takes up too much space.
Either a stand-alone fountain with an even back and an attached basin set against a fence or a wall, or a wall-mounted style which is self-contained and hangs on a wall, are some of the possibilities from which you can choose. Adding a fountain to an existing wall requires that you include a fountain mask as well as a basin at the bottom to collect the water. It is best not to attempt this job yourself as skilled plumbers and masons are best suited to do this kind of work.