Rome, Gian Bernini, And Public Fountains

Rome, Gian Bernini, And Public Fountains There are countless famous Roman fountains in its city center. One of the greatest sculptors and designers of the 17th century, Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed, conceived and built nearly all of them. Also a city builder, he had abilities as a fountain developer, and traces of his life's work are apparent throughout the streets of Rome. To totally exhibit their art, primarily in the form of public water fountains and water features, Bernini's father, a celebrated Florentine sculptor, mentored his young son, and they eventually relocated in the Roman Capitol. The young Bernini was an great worker and earned encouragement and patronage of important painters as well as popes. At first he was well known for his sculpting skills. Most particularly in the Vatican, he used a base of expertise in ancient Greek architecture and melded it effortlessly with Roman marble. Rome, Gian Bernini, Public Fountains 1747484332.jpg

Rome, Gian Bernini, Public Fountains 1747484332.jpg

Though he was influenced by many, Michelangelo had the most serious impact on him, both personally and professionally.

The Distribution of Water Fountain Engineering Knowledge in Europe

The Distribution of Water Fountain Engineering Knowledge in Europe Throughout Europe, the principal means of dissiminating practical hydraulic facts and fountain design ideas were the published papers and illustrated books of the day, which contributed to the advancement of scientific technology. An un-named French fountain engineer was an internationally celebrated hydraulic leader in the later part of the 1500's. His know-how in designing gardens and grottoes with built-in and ingenious water features began in Italy and with commissions in Brussels, London and Germany. The book, “The Principles of Moving Forces,” penned towards the end of his lifetime in France, turned out to be the definitive writing on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Replacing principal hydraulic findings of classical antiquity, the publication also highlights modern hydraulic technologies. The water screw, a mechanical method to move water, and invented by Archimedes, was showcased in the book. Sunlight heating water in a couple of vessels unseen in a room adjacent to an beautiful water fountain was shown in one illustration. The end result: the fountain is stimulated by the heated water expanding and rising up the pipelines. The book also includes garden ponds, water wheels, water feature creations.

The Influence of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Landscaping

The Influence of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Landscaping Anglo-Saxons experienced incredible adjustments to their daily lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. Engineering and gardening were skills that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But there was no time for home life, domestic architecture, and adornment until the Normans had conquered the whole region. Influence Norman Invasion Anglo-Saxon Landscaping 661229935314281634.jpg

Influence Norman Invasion Anglo-Saxon Landscaping 661229935314281634.jpg

Monasteries and castles served separate purposes, so while monasteries were massive stone structures constructed in only the most fruitful, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the people focused on understanding offensive and defensive practices. The sterile fortresses did not provide for the calm avocation of gardening. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is portrayed in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most unscathed sample we have. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time period. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an obstruction to attackers intending to excavate under the castle walls. On 1 of these terraces sits a stylish bowling green: it is coated in grass and flanked by an old yew hedge that is formed into the shape of rough ramparts.