The Circulation of Water Fountain Industrial Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Water Fountain Industrial Knowledge in Europe Dissiminating practical hydraulic information and fountain design ideas throughout Europe was accomplished with the published documents and illustrated books of the time.
An unnamed French water feature developer became an internationally celebrated hydraulic innovator in the late 1500's. With imperial commissions in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his work in Italy, acquiring know-how in garden design and grottoes with incorporated and clever water features. The text, “The Principles of Moving Forces,” authored towards the end of his life in France, became the fundamental text on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Describing the latest hydraulic technologies, the publication also updated key hydraulic breakthroughs of classical antiquity. As a mechanized method to push water, Archimedes invented the water screw, key among important hydraulic breakthroughs. An beautiful fountain with the sun heating up the water in two containers hidden in an adjacent room was presented in one illustration. The heated water expands and subsequently ascends and closes the pipes consequently activating the water feature. The publication furthermore includes garden ponds, water wheels, water feature creations.
Rome’s First Water Delivery Solutions
Rome’s First Water Delivery Solutions With the manufacturing of the 1st raised aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, folks who lived on the city’s hills no longer had to be dependent exclusively on naturally-occurring spring water for their demands. If citizens living at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to depend on the other existing technologies of the time, cisterns that gathered rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that drew the water from under ground. In the early 16th century, the city began to utilize the water that ran underground through Acqua Vergine to provide water to Pincian Hill. As originally constructed, the aqueduct was provided along the length of its channel with pozzi (manholes) constructed at regular intervals. Although they were initially designed to make it possible to support the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started out using the manholes to collect water from the channel, commencing when he bought the property in 1543.
He didn’t get a sufficient quantity of water from the cistern that he had constructed on his property to collect rainwater. That is when he made a decision to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran beneath his property.
Ancient Outdoor Water Feature Artists
Ancient Outdoor Water Feature Artists Often working as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and cultivated scholars all in one, from the 16th to the late 18th century, fountain designers were multi-faceted individuals, Throughout the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci illustrated the creator as a innovative genius, inventor and scientific virtuoso. He carefully reported his examinations in his now celebrated notebooks about his research into the forces of nature and the qualities and motion of water. Coupling imagination with hydraulic and gardening talent, early Italian water fountain designers transformed private villa settings into amazing water exhibits full of symbolic meaning and natural wonder. The humanist Pirro Ligorio, distinguished for his virtuosity in archeology, architecture and garden design, offered the vision behind the wonders in Tivoli. Well versed in humanist subjects as well as classical technical texts, some other fountain designers were masterminding the phenomenal water marbles, water properties and water jokes for the numerous properties near Florence.
Where did Landscape Fountains Begin?
Where did Landscape Fountains Begin? A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to supply drinkable water, as well as for decorative purposes.The primary purpose of a fountain was originally strictly functional. Residents of cities, townships and small towns utilized them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash up, which meant that fountains had to be linked to nearby aqueduct or spring. Up until the 19th century, fountains had to be higher and closer to a water supply, such as aqueducts and reservoirs, in order to benefit from gravity which fed the fountains. Fountains were an excellent source of water, and also served to adorn living areas and celebrate the designer.
Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often used by Romans to beautify their fountains. Muslims and Moorish landscaping designers of the Middle Ages included fountains to re-create smaller versions of the gardens of paradise. Fountains played a significant role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exert his power over nature. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries created baroque decorative fountains to exalt the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the location where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Urban fountains made at the end of the 19th century functioned only as decorative and celebratory ornaments since indoor plumbing provided the essential drinking water. Fountains using mechanical pumps instead of gravity enabled fountains to deliver recycled water into living spaces as well as create unique water effects.
Embellishing city parks, honoring people or events and entertaining, are some of the functions of modern-day fountains.