Where did Large Outdoor Fountains Originate from?
Where did Large Outdoor Fountains Originate from? A fountain, an amazing piece of engineering, not only supplies drinking water as it pours into a basin, it can also propel water high into the air for a noteworthy effect.
Pure functionality was the original role of fountains. Cities, towns and villages made use of nearby aqueducts or springs to supply them with potable water as well as water where they could bathe or wash. Up until the nineteenth, fountains had to be higher and closer to a water source, including aqueducts and reservoirs, in order to take advantage of gravity which fed the fountains. Fountains were an optimal source of water, and also served to adorn living areas and memorialize the artist. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often utilized by Romans to decorate their fountains. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden designers included fountains in their designs to mimic the gardens of paradise. Fountains enjoyed a considerable role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exercise his power over nature. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries manufactured baroque decorative fountains to glorify the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the spot where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
The end of the 19th century saw the rise in usage of indoor plumbing to supply drinking water, so urban fountains were relegated to strictly decorative elements. Amazing water effects and recycled water were made possible by replacing the power of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Modern fountains are used to embellish public spaces, honor individuals or events, and enhance recreational and entertainment events.
Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo-Saxons encountered incredible changes to their day-to-day lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. The ability of the Normans exceeded the Anglo-Saxons' in architecture and farming at the time of the conquest. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to contemplate domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire population. Because of this, castles were cruder constructions than monasteries: Monasteries were usually significant stone buildings set in the biggest and most fecund valleys, while castles were erected on windy crests where their inhabitants dedicated time and space to tasks for offense and defense. The sterile fortresses did not provide for the calm avocation of horticulture. Berkeley Castle is perhaps the most unchanged model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman form of architecture. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time. As a strategy of deterring assailants from tunneling within the walls, an immense terrace encompasses the building. On one of these parapets is a scenic bowling green covered in grass and surrounded by an aged hedge of yew that has been shaped into coarse battlements.
Original Water Delivery Solutions in Rome
Original Water Delivery Solutions in Rome Rome’s first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, people living at higher elevations had to rely on natural creeks for their water. If people residing at higher elevations did not have access to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to be dependent on the remaining existing solutions of the day, cisterns that collected rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that drew the water from under ground. To offer water to Pincian Hill in the early 16th century, they implemented the emerging process of redirecting the circulation from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground channel. As originally constructed, the aqueduct was provided along the length of its channel with pozzi (manholes) constructed at regular intervals. During the roughly nine years he possessed the property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi used these manholes to take water from the network in containers, though they were actually designed for the function of maintaining and servicing the aqueduct. The cistern he had made to collect rainwater wasn’t adequate to meet his water demands. Thankfully, the aqueduct sat under his residence, and he had a shaft opened to give him accessibility.