The Circulation of Garden Water Fountains Engineering Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Garden Water Fountains Engineering Knowledge in Europe Dissiminating useful hydraulic facts and water feature design ideas throughout Europe was accomplished with the written papers and illustrated books of the time. In the late 1500's, a French water fountain architect (whose name has been lost) was the internationally recognized hydraulics innovator. With Royal commissions in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his career in Italy, acquiring know-how in garden design and grottoes with built-in and imaginative water features. He penned a book entitled “The Principles of Moving Forces” toward the end of his life while in France which turned into the basic tome on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Describing modern hydraulic technologies, the book furthermore modernized critical hydraulic developments of classical antiquity.
As a mechanized means to move water, Archimedes devised the water screw, fundamental among crucial hydraulic discoveries. Sunlight heating up water in two containers hidden in a room next to an ornamental fountain was presented in one illustration. The heated liquid expands and subsequently rises and shuts the water lines consequently triggering the water feature. Pumps, water wheels, water features and garden pond designs are included in the publication.
Bernini: The Master of Italy's Greatest Fountains
Bernini: The Master of Italy's Greatest Fountains Bernini's earliest fountain, named Barcaccia, is a masterful work of art found at the bottom of the Trinita dei Monti in Piaza di Spagna.
Roman residents and site seers who appreciate verbal exchanges as well as being the company of others still go to this spot. Bernini would without a doubt have been happy to know that people still flock to what has become one the city's most fashionable areas, that surrounding his amazing water fountain. In about 1630, the great master designed the first fountain of his career at the behest of Pope Ubano VIII. Depicted in the fountain's design is a great ship gradually sinking into the Mediterranean Sea. The great 16th century flood of the Tevere, which left the entire region inundated with water, was memorialized by the fountain according to writings from the time. In 1665 Bernini traveled to France, in what was to be his sole lengthy absence from Italy.
The Countless Construction Materials of Outdoor Water fountains
The Countless Construction Materials of Outdoor Water fountains
Although they come in different materials, today’s garden fountains tend to be made of metal. Metallic models offer clean lines and unique sculptural accents and will fit in with nearly any decorative style and budget. It is very important that your landscape reflects the style of your residence. Today, a lot of people elect copper for their sculptural garden fountains. Copper fountains are the ideal option because they are perfect for the inside and outside. Copper fountains also come in a vast array of designs - from fun and eccentric to modern and cutting-edge.
Also common, brass fountains generally have a more old-fashioned appearance to them versus their copper counterpart. Although it is not the most modern, the creatures and sculptural features you find on fountains are mostly made of brass, thus making them very popular.
Of all the metals, stainless steel is viewed as the most contemporary-looking. A cutting-edge steel design will quickly increase the value of your garden as well as the feeling of peacefulness. As with all fountains, you can find any size you need.
Fiberglass fountains are popular because they look similar to metal but are more affordable and much easier to move around. The maintenance of fiberglass water fountains is quite simple, so they have many merits that people appreciate.
Statues As a Staple of Classic Art in Historic Greece
Statues As a Staple of Classic Art in Historic Greece
The Archaic Greeks built the first freestanding statuary, an amazing achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Youthful, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks were the subject matter of most of the statues, or kouros figures. Representing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were created to appear stiff and typically had foot in front; the males were healthy, strong, and nude. The kouroi started to be life-sized commencing in 650 BC. The Archaic period was tumultuous for the Greeks as they evolved into more refined forms of federal government and art, and acquired more information about the peoples and cultures outside of Greece. But these disputes did not prohibit the expansion of the Greek civilization. {