Archaic Greek Artwork: Outdoor Statuary

Archaic Greek Artwork: Outdoor Statuary Up right up until the Archaic Greeks introduced the 1st freestanding statuary, a phenomenal success, carvings had mostly been completed in walls and pillars as reliefs. Younger, ideal male or female (kore) Greeks were the subject matter of most of the statues, or kouros figures. Representing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were designed to look stiff and commonly had foot forward; the males were healthy, robust, and naked. Life-sized versions of the kouroi appeared beginning in 650 BC. The Archaic period was an extraordinary time of transformation for the Greeks as they grew into new forms of government, created fresh expressions of art, and gained information of the men and women and cultures outside of Greece. Throughout this time and other times of historic tumult, clashes often happened, including wars fought amongst city-states such as the Arcadian wars and the Spartan invasion of Samos.

Did You Know How Technical Concepts of Water Fountains Became Known?

Did You Know How Technical Concepts of Water Fountains Became Known? Throughout the European countries, the chief means of dissiminating useful hydraulic understanding and fountain design suggestions were the published papers and illustrated books of the time, which added to the evolution of scientific development. An unnamed French water feature engineer became an globally renowned hydraulic innovator in the late 1500's. With Royal commissions in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his work in Italy, building knowledge in garden design and grottoes with built-in and ingenious water hydraulics. “The Principles of Moving Forces”, a book that became the essential text on hydraulic mechanics and engineering, was composed by him toward the end of his life in France. The publication modified key hydraulic advancements since classical antiquity as well as explaining contemporary hydraulic technologies. Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, had his work showcased and these included a mechanical means to move water. Sunlight warming liquid in a couple of vessels hidden in a room adjacent to an ornamental fountain was shown in one illustration. The end result: the water fountain is triggered by the hot liquid expanding and rising up the conduits. Concepts for pumps, water wheels, water features and outdoor ponds are also covered in the publication.