Anglo Saxon Gardens at the Time of the Norman Conquest

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Anglo Saxon Gardens at the Time of the Norman Conquest The arrival of the Normans in the second half of the 11th century irreparably improved The Anglo-Saxon lifestyle. Engineering and gardening were attributes that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But yet there was no time for home life, domestic architecture, and adornment until the Normans had overcome the whole realm. Most often built upon windy peaks, castles were fundamental constructs that enabled their occupants to devote time and space to offensive and defensive programs, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings frequently installed in only the most fecund, extensive valleys. Tranquil activities such as gardening were out of place in these desolate citadels. Berkeley Castle, potentially the most unspoiled style of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists now. It is said that the keep was introduced during William the Conqueror's time. As a technique of deterring attackers from tunneling beneath the walls, an immense terrace encompasses the building. A scenic bowling green, enveloped in grass and surrounded by battlements cut out of an ancient yew hedge, forms one of the terraces.

Early Water Delivery Techniques in Rome

Early Water Delivery Techniques in Rome Rome’s first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, citizens living at higher elevations had to rely on natural streams for their water.

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When aqueducts or springs weren’t accessible, people dwelling at raised elevations turned to water pulled from underground or rainwater, which was made possible by wells and cisterns. Starting in the sixteenth century, a brand new strategy was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean sections to provide water to Pincian Hill. Throughout the time of its original construction, pozzi (or manholes) were located at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it more straightforward to maintain the channel, but it was also achievable to use buckets to pull water from the aqueduct, as we witnessed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he owned the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. It seems that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t enough to satisfy his needs. To give himself with a more practical way to gather water, he had one of the manholes exposed, providing him access to the aqueduct below his property.