Anglo-Saxon Grounds During the Norman Conquest
Anglo-Saxon Grounds During the Norman Conquest The arrival of the Normans in the later half of the 11th century substantially modified The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But before focusing on home-life or having the occasion to consider domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society. Most often constructed upon windy summits, castles were fundamental structures that allowed their inhabitants to spend time and space to offensive and defensive programs, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings frequently installed in only the most fecund, broad valleys.
Peaceful pastimes such as gardening were out of place in these destitute citadels. Berkeley Castle is most likely the most unchanged model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. The keep is reported to have been created during the time of William the Conqueror. As a technique of deterring attackers from tunneling beneath the walls, an immense terrace encompasses the building. A scenic bowling green, enveloped in grass and bordered by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, forms one of the terraces.
Archaic Greek Art: Outdoor Statuary
Archaic Greek Art: Outdoor Statuary The primitive Greeks manufactured the very first freestanding statuary, an amazing achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars.
Youthful, ideal male or female (kore) Greeks were the subject matter of most of the sculptures, or kouros figures. Representing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were crafted to appear rigid and commonly had foot forward; the males were vigorous, powerful, and naked. The kouroi became life-sized starting in 650 BC. A massive era of transformation for the Greeks, the Archaic period helped bring about new forms of government, expressions of art, and a higher comprehension of people and customs outside of Greece. Similar to other periods of historical conflict, disputes were common, and there were struggles between city-states like The Arcadian wars, the Spartan invasion of Samos.
Rome’s First Water Transport Systems
Rome’s First Water Transport Systems
Rome’s 1st raised aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, people residing at higher elevations had to depend on natural springs for their water. If citizens residing at higher elevations did not have access to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to count on the other existing solutions of the time, cisterns that gathered rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that drew the water from under ground. In the very early 16th century, the city began to make use of the water that ran below the ground through Acqua Vergine to deliver drinking water to Pincian Hill. The aqueduct’s channel was made accessible by pozzi, or manholes, that were positioned along its length when it was first developed. During the roughly 9 years he owned the residence, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi used these manholes to take water from the channel in containers, though they were originally built for the intent of cleaning and servicing the aqueduct. It appears that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t sufficient to fulfill his needs. Via an orifice to the aqueduct that flowed underneath his property, he was able to suit his water needs.