Aqueducts: The Remedy to Rome's Water Troubles

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Aqueducts: The Remedy to Rome's Water Troubles Prior to 273, when the 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was constructed in Roma, inhabitants who lived on hillsides had to travel even further down to gather their water from natural sources. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the lone technologies around at the time to supply water to areas of greater elevation. From the early sixteenth century, water was routed to Pincian Hill via the subterranean channel of Acqua Vergine. Through its initial building and construction, pozzi (or manholes) were positioned at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it easier to clean the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to extract water from the aqueduct, as we witnessed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he owned the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he died. Reportedly, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t adequate to satisfy his needs. That is when he made the decision to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran under his residential property.

From Where Did Water Features Originate?

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Hundreds of classic Greek records were translated into Latin under the auspices of the scholarly Pope Nicholas V, who led the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 to 1455. He undertook the embellishment of Rome to make it into the model capital of the Christian world. Beginning in 1453, the ruined ancient Roman aqueduct known as the Aqua Vergine which had brought clean drinking water into the city from eight miles away, underwent reconstruction at the behest of the Pope. The ancient Roman tradition of building an imposing commemorative fountain at the point where an aqueduct arrived, also known as a mostra, was resurrected by Nicholas V. The architect Leon Battista Alberti was commissioned by the Pope to construct a wall fountain where we now find the Trevi Fountain. Changes and extensions, included in the restored aqueduct, eventually provided the Trevi Fountain and the well-known baroque fountains in the Piazza del Popolo and Piazza Navona with the necessary water supply.

Garden Fountain Designers Through History

Garden Fountain Designers Through History Often working as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and highly educated scholars all in one, from the 16th to the later part of the 18th century, fountain designers were multi-faceted people, Leonardo da Vinci as a innovative intellect, inventor and scientific virtuoso exemplified this Renaissance artist. He methodically captured his findings in his currently famed notebooks, following his immense interest in the forces of nature guided him to explore the characteristics and movement of water. Innovative water displays loaded of symbolic meaning and all-natural grace transformed private villa settings when early Italian fountain designers combined creativity with hydraulic and gardening skill. The humanist Pirro Ligorio, renowned for his virtuosity in archeology, architecture and garden design, provided the vision behind the splendors in Tivoli. For the assorted lands in the vicinity of Florence, other water feature engineers were well versed in humanist subjects as well as classical technical texts, masterminding the extraordinary water marbles, water features and water antics.

Archaic Greek Artwork: Outdoor Statuary

Archaic Greek Artwork: Outdoor Statuary Up until the Archaic Greeks provided the 1st freestanding statuary, a phenomenal achievement, carvings had primarily been completed in walls and pillars as reliefs. Most of these freestanding sculptures were what is known as kouros figures, statues of young, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks. The kouroi were believed by the Greeks to embody beauty and were sculpted with one foot leading and an uncompromising rigidity to their forward-facing poses; the male statues were always strapping, brawny, and naked. The kouroi became life-sized commencing in 650 BC. Archaic Greek Artwork: Outdoor Statuary 47320543914.jpg

The Archaic period was an extraordinary point of transformation for the Greeks as they expanded into new modes of government, created fresh expressions of art, and attained knowledge of the men and women and cultures outside of Greece. The Arcadian battles, the Spartan invasion of Samos, and other wars between city-states are instances of the sorts of conflicts that occurred frequently, which is consistent with other times of historical change.