The Distribution of Outdoor Garden Fountain Engineering Knowledge in Europe
The Distribution of Outdoor Garden Fountain Engineering Knowledge in Europe Dissiminating pragmatic hydraulic information and water fountain design ideas throughout Europe was accomplished with the printed papers and illustrated books of the time. A globally renowned innovator in hydraulics in the later part of the 1500's was a French fountain designer, whose name has been lost to history. With imperial mandates in Brussels, London and Germany, he started his career in Italy, building knowledge in garden design and grottoes with built-in and ingenious water features. The publication, “The Principles of Moving Forces,” authored towards the end of his lifetime in France, turned into the definitive text on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. The book updated important hydraulic advancements since classical antiquity as well as explaining modern day hydraulic technologies. Notable among these works were those of Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, a mechanized way of moving water. Sunlight warming liquid in a pair of containers unseen in a room next to an decorative water fountain was displayed in one illustration. Actuating the water feature is heated water which expands and rises to seal up the conduits. Pumps, water wheels, water attributes and garden pond styles are documented in the text.
Ancient Fountain Artists
Ancient Fountain Artists
Fountain designers were multi-talented individuals from the 16th to the later part of the 18th century, often serving as architects, sculptors, artisans, engineers and highly educated scholars all in one person. Leonardo da Vinci as a imaginative genius, inventor and scientific virtuoso exemplified this Renaissance master. He systematically annotated his findings in his now famed notebooks about his research into the forces of nature and the attributes and motion of water. Ingenious water displays packed of symbolic meaning and all-natural grace transformed private villa settings when early Italian fountain designers combined imagination with hydraulic and landscaping expertise. The humanist Pirro Ligorio, distinguished for his virtuosity in archeology, architecture and garden design, delivered the vision behind the wonders in Tivoli. For the many mansions near Florence, other water fountain engineers were well versed in humanistic subjects and ancient scientific texts, masterminding the excellent water marbles, water features and water humor.
The Source of Modern Wall Fountains
The Source of Modern Wall Fountains The translation of hundreds of ancient Greek documents into Latin was commissioned by the scholarly Pope Nicholas V who led the Church in Rome from 1397 until 1455. Beautifying Rome and making it the worthy capital of the Christian world was at the core of his objectives. In 1453 the Pope commissioned the rebuilding of the Aqua Vergine, an historic Roman aqueduct which had carried clean drinking water into the city from eight miles away.
A mostra, a monumental commemorative fountain built by ancient Romans to mark the point of entry of an aqueduct, was a tradition which was revived by Nicholas V. The architect Leon Battista Alberti was directed by the Pope to put up a wall fountain where we now see the Trevi Fountain. The Trevi Fountain as well as the renowned baroque fountains found in the Piazza del Popolo and the Piazza Navona were eventually supplied with water from the modified aqueduct he had reconstructed.
Greece: Architectural Sculpture
Greece: Architectural Sculpture Sculptors garnished the lavish columns and archways with renderings of the gods until the time came to a close and most Greeks had begun to think of their theology as superstitious rather than sacred; at that time, it became more standard for sculptors be paid to show everyday people as well. In some cases, a depiction of affluent families' forefathers would be commissioned to be placed inside huge familial tombs, and portraiture, which would be replicated by the Romans upon their conquering of Greek civilization, also became customary. It is amiss to think that the arts had one aim during The Classical Greek period, a time period of creative advancement during which the usage of sculpture and alternative art forms evolved.
Whether to gratify a visual yearning or to commemorate the figures of religion, Greek sculpture was an inventive method in the ancient world, which may well be what attracts our attention currently.
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Up right up until the Archaic Greeks introduced the very first freestanding statuary, a phenomenal triumph, carvings had primarily been completed in walls and pillars as reliefs....
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