The Results of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design

The Results of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design The Anglo-Saxon way of life was drastically changed by the arrival of the Normans in the later eleventh century. The Normans were much better than the Anglo-Saxons at architecture and horticulture when they came into power. But the Normans had to pacify the whole territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Because of this, castles were cruder structures than monasteries: Monasteries were usually important stone buildings located in the biggest and most fertile valleys, while castles were erected on windy crests where their residents dedicated time and space to projects for offense and defense. Gardening, a placid occupation, was impracticable in these unproductive fortifications. Berkeley Castle is most likely the most intact model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman form of architecture. It is said that the keep was developed during William the Conqueror's time. As a method of deterring attackers from tunneling underneath the walls, an immense terrace encircles the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an old yew hedge trimmed into the form of crude battlements.

Architectural Sculpture in Early Greece

Architectural Sculpture in Early Greece Sculptors garnished the elaborate columns and archways with renderings of the gods until the time came to a close and more Greeks had begun to think of their religion as superstitious rather than sacred; at that point, it grew to be more standard for sculptors be compensated to depict ordinary individuals as well. Portraiture started to be commonplace as well, and would be accepted by the Romans when they defeated the Greeks, and quite often affluent households would order a depiction of their progenitors to be placed inside their grand familial tombs. A time of artistic development, the use of sculpture and other art forms transformed throughout the Greek Classical period, so it is inexact to say that the arts provided only one function. Architectural Sculpture Early Greece 155135349329455.jpg

Architectural Sculpture Early Greece 155135349329455.jpg

Greek sculpture is perhaps attractive to us all nowadays as it was an avant-garde experiment in the ancient world, so it does not matter whether its original function was religious zeal or artistic enjoyment.

Rome’s First Water Transport Solutions

Rome’s First Water Transport Solutions With the building of the very first raised aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, folks who lived on the city’s hills no longer had to rely exclusively on naturally-occurring spring water for their needs. If citizens living at higher elevations did not have access to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to rely on the other existing techniques of the day, cisterns that collected rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that drew the water from below ground. Rome’s First Water Transport Solutions 439282630235.jpg

Starting in the sixteenth century, a brand new approach was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean sectors to provide water to Pincian Hill. Pozzi, or manholes, were engineered at regular stretches along the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it less demanding to maintain the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to pull water from the aqueduct, as we witnessed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he operated the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he died. The cistern he had built to gather rainwater wasn’t satisfactory to meet his water demands. That is when he made a decision to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran directly below his residential property.