Rome’s Ingenious Water Delivery Solutions

Rome’s Ingenious Water Delivery Solutions With the construction of the very first elevated aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, individuals who lived on the city’s hills no longer had to depend only on naturally-occurring spring water for their needs. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the only techniques available at the time to supply water to locations of greater elevation. Beginning in the sixteenth century, a newer approach was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean portions to generate water to Pincian Hill. Throughout the time of its original construction, pozzi (or manholes) were located at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. Although they were initially planned to make it possible to support the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started using the manholes to accumulate water from the channel, starting when he acquired the property in 1543. The cistern he had constructed to gather rainwater wasn’t satisfactory to meet his water demands. That is when he decided to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran directly below his residential property.

Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest

Anglo-Saxon Landscapes Time Norman Conquest 96381010856625.jpg

Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was drastically changed by the arrival of the Normans in the later eleventh century. The Normans were much better than the Anglo-Saxons at architecture and horticulture when they came into power. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to consider domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society. Most often designed upon windy peaks, castles were fundamental structures that allowed their inhabitants to devote time and space to offensive and defensive strategies, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings frequently placed in only the most fecund, extensive valleys. Peaceful pastimes such as gardening were out of place in these destitute citadels. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is depicted in Berkeley Castle, which is most likely the most untouched sample we have. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an obstacle to attackers attempting to dig under the castle walls. A picturesque bowling green, covered in grass and surrounded by battlements cut out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.

Creators of the First Outside Garden Fountains

Creators of the First Outside Garden Fountains Commonly serving as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and cultivated scholars, all in one, fountain creators were multi-talented individuals from the 16th to the later part of the 18th century. Leonardo da Vinci, a Renaissance artist, was notable as a creative genius, inventor and scientific expert. He carefully registered his observations in his now celebrated notebooks about his investigations into the forces of nature and the properties and motion of water. Early Italian water feature builders transformed private villa configurations into inventive water displays complete of emblematic meaning and natural beauty by combining creativity with hydraulic and horticultural experience. The humanist Pirro Ligorio, distinguished for his virtuosity in archeology, architecture and garden design, provided the vision behind the splendors in Tivoli. Creators First Outside Garden Fountains 736374989487.jpg

Creators First Outside Garden Fountains 736374989487.jpg

Masterminding the fascinating water marbles, water attributes and water pranks for the numerous properties in the vicinity of Florence, other fountain designers were well versed in humanist topics and time-honored scientific texts.