Aspects of Garden Statuary in Archaic Greece

Aspects of Garden Statuary in Archaic Greece The first freestanding statuary was developed by the Archaic Greeks, a distinguished success since until then the sole carvings in existence were reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Most of the freestanding statues were of youthful, winsome male or female (kore) Greeks and are termed kouros figures. Symbolizing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were designed to look rigid and commonly had foot forward; the males were healthy, powerful, and nude. In around 650 BC, the varieties of the kouroi became life-sized. A huge period of improvement for the Greeks, the Archaic period brought about more forms of government, expressions of artwork, and a greater appreciation of people and cultures outside of Greece. Wars like The Arcadian wars, the Spartan invasion of Samos, and other wars between city-states are indicatory of the tumultuous nature of the time, which was similar to other periods of historical disturbance. However, these conflicts did not significantly hinder the advancement of the Greek civilization.

Water Delivery Solutions in Ancient Rome

Water Delivery Solutions Ancient Rome 87115930.jpg

Water Delivery Solutions in Ancient Rome Prior to 273, when the very first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was constructed in Rome, residents who dwelled on hillsides had to travel even further down to collect their water from natural sources. When aqueducts or springs weren’t available, people living at raised elevations turned to water drawn from underground or rainwater, which was made possible by wells and cisterns. From the early sixteenth century, water was routed to Pincian Hill by way of the subterranean channel of Acqua Vergine. Through its original construction, pozzi (or manholes) were situated at set intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. During the some 9 years he had the property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi made use of these manholes to take water from the channel in buckets, though they were initially built for the function of maintaining and servicing the aqueduct. He didn’t get enough water from the cistern that he had constructed on his residential property to collect rainwater. To give himself with a more effective way to gather water, he had one of the manholes exposed, providing him access to the aqueduct below his property.